Renal Anatomy & Physiology

• what is the pathogenesis of different renal symptoms and signs?
• what terms are used to describe the morphology **of glomerular injury?

Acute Kidney Injury

• what is AKI?
• what is the aetiology?
• what are the signs and symptoms?
• what are the investigation findings?

Acute Tubular Necrosis

• what is ATN?
• what is the aetiology?
• what is the pathogenesis?
• what are the investigation findings?
• what are the microscopic features of ischemic ATN?
• what are the microscopic features of toxic ATN?