Learning Objectives

• Describe the anatomy of the ankle and subtalar joints. Explain the movements of plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion
• Summarise the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation and their attachments
• Name the contents of the tarsal tunnel
• Describe the factors responsible for the stability of the ankle joint, especially the lateral ligaments and explain the anatomical basis of ‘sprain’ injuries
• Briefly describe the arches of the foot and the bony, ligamentous and muscular factors that maintain them
• Explain the movements of the toes and summarise the extrinsic muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation and their attachments.

Bones

• what are the bones of the foot?
• what are the joints of the foot?
• what joints does toe flexion/ extension occur at?
• what are the 3 arches of the foot?
• why do our feet have arches (functions)?
• what structures supports the arches?

Leg Muscles

• what are the muscles of the anterior compartment?
• what are the muscles of the lateral compartment?
• Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

Talocrural Joint (Ankle Joint)