Learning Objectives
- Define and state how heart failure could occur
- Describe common causes for heart failure
- Define ventricular ejection fraction and describe how it is used to distinguish systolic and diastolic dysfunction
- Compare and contrast systolic and diastolic dysfunction
- Describe the compensatory mechanisms evoked by heart failure
- Compare and contrast left- vs. right-sided heart failure manifestations (include both forward and backward effects)
- Describe the basis for common heart failure therapeutic approaches
Heart Failure
- Types of Heart Failure
- what are the most common causes of heart failure?
- what are some common causes of high output heart failure?
- which ventricle most commonly fails?
- what is the most common pathological change in heart failure?
- what factors might increase ventricular wall stress?
- what is ejection fraction? what is a normal EF?
- what is cardiac reserve?
- how does the Frank-Starling law explain exercise intolerance in heart failure?