Learning Objectives

• Define nausea and vomiting and outline their basic consequences
• List the key events in the vomiting prodrome and the act of vomiting
• Describe the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting centre in regulation of vomiting
• Outline the stimuli which cause nausea and vomiting, and the neural pathways they activate
• Outline the pathophysiology of acute appendicitis
• Outline the causes of intestinal obstructions including hernia and Hirschsprung’s disease
• Describe the symptoms, aetiology, and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
• Compare and contrast the features of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
• Describe the aetiology and pathophysiology of diverticular disease
• Outline the symptoms, aetiology, and proposed mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome

Nausea & Vomiting

• what is nausea?
• what is vomiting?
• what are the features of vomiting prodrome?
• what are the steps of vomiting?
• what 4 main types of stimuli trigger vomiting?
• what 2 centres play an important role in vomiting?

Acute Appendicitis