Learning Objectives

• Broadly outline the actions of toxins that can be found in Australian venoms
• Marine envenomations: Describe the typical clinical effects, first aid and initial management of envenomation caused by Chironex Fleckeri, Irukandji Syndrome, and Stonefish
• Land envenomations: Describe the typical clinical effects, first aid and initial management of envenomation caused by Redback spider, Funnel web spider, and Australian venomous snakes
• Describe appropriate use of venom detection kits and of anti-venom
• Apply appropriate pressure immobilization as used for snake bite in Australia, and explain its function

Snakes

• how do you manage snake envenomation?
• a patient presents saying that they were bit by a “little brown snake,” what do you do?
• how are snakes identified?
• what are the effects of envenomation?
• Snake Appearance
• Effects of Envenomation
• First Aid/ Initial Management
• why is PIB preferred over a tourniquet?
• how do you diagnose coagulopathy?
• how do antivenoms work?
• what is serum sickness? symptoms? treatment?

Spiders