Learning Objectives

• Discuss the structure of pancreatic islets and name the hormones secreted by each cell type
• Discuss the factors that regulate insulin and glucagon secretion
• Explain the actions of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism
• Name the hormones that affect blood glucose concentration
• Explain the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Endocrine Pancreas and Pancreatic Hormones

• what are the 2 tissue types and their functions?
• what 5 cell types make up the Islets of Langerhans?
• describe the regulation of secretion by islet cells?
• what hormone mainly controls metabolism in the fed state?
• what hormone mainly controls metabolism in the fasting state?
• what actions do these hormones have in the fed and fasting states?

Diabetes Mellitus

• what are some symptoms of DM?
• what are some risk factors of DM?
• what are the possible complications of DM?
• DM may be secondary to [what causes]?

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1