Learning Objectives

• Describe the features suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome
• Outline the key features of major hereditary cancer syndromes and their genetic alterations, including Lynch syndrome, FAP and HBOC
• Describe the main indications for genetic testing, role of genetic counselling, and related issues
• Outline the purpose of tumour grading and provide an overview/ example of grading systems
• Describe the role of tumour staging in cancer diagnosis and treatment
• Describe the general features of the TNM staging system and apply this system to stage individual cancer cases
• Outline the common laboratory methods used in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning
• List some of the main tumour markers, explain use in cancer diagnosis and treatment
• Describe some of the general clinical aspects of neoplasia including hormonal alterations, cancer cachexia and paraneoplastic syndromes

Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

• typical genetic inheritance pattern?
• what % of cancers are inherited?
• what are some key features of hereditary cancer syndromes?
• genetic testing should be considered if [3 criteria are met]?
• what are some issues related to genetic testing?
• Inherited Genetic Mutation In

Tumour Grading & Staging

• how is tumour grading done? general system?