Learning Objectives

• Demonstrate the surface projections of the kidneys and ureters.
• Describe the position and functional anatomy of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters. Demonstrate their relations to other abdominal and pelvic structures. Discuss the clinical significance of renal, ureteric, and bladder anatomy in relation to urinary stones.
• Describe the origins, courses, and terminal branches of the renal arteries. Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.
• Describe the [microscopic] anatomy of a nephron (renal corpuscle and associated tubules).
• Describe the origin and course of the renal veins.
• Describe the anatomy of the lymph nodes draining the kidneys.
• Compare the course, length, and functions of the male urethra with that of the female.
• Describe the embryonic development of the urinary organs.
• Describe the location, structure (microscopic and macroscopic), and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Kidneys

• what are the functions of the kidneys?
• where are the kidneys anatomically located?
• describe the anatomical structure of the kidneys?
• what structures form the renal hilum?
• what are the 3 regions of the kidney?
• what is the function of smooth muscle lining the renal pelvis and ureter?
• what % of total CO do the renal arteries deliver?
• describe the arterial supply/ venous drainage of the kidneys?