Learning Objectives

• Begin to reflect upon the impact of cancer on patients, families and health professionals
• Describe the role of parenchyma and stroma in tumour growth and development
• Define, describe and use examples to illustrate the basic nomenclature associated with benign and malignant neoplasia
• Compare and contrast the characteristics of benign and malignant tumours
• Begin to describe the basic histological features of specific cancers
• Outline and identify the main neoplastic growth patterns
• Review the phases of the cell cycle and role of cyclins and cdks in cell cycle regulation
• Describe the role of mutations in proto-oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and genes that regulate apoptosis in carcinogenesis
• Explain the multistep theory of carcinogenesis
• Describe the main causes of cancer and outline the main cellular mechanisms responsible

Neoplasm

• what are the 2 basic components of tumours?
• what 7 morphology patterns can cancer take on?
• what does differentiation mean in terms of tumours?
• what is anaplasia?

Benign & Malignant Tumours

• malignant cells display [pleomorphic features]?
• compare the rate of growth of benign vs malignant tumours?