Learning Objectives

• Calculate measures of association such as relative risk (risk ratio), absolute risk, and odds ratio
• Interpret relative risk or an odds ratio when given these measures, and explain what they mean
• Interpret a ‘p value’ and describe what it means in relation to the study in which it was reported
• Interpret a confidence interval and analyse what it means in relation to a study
• Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies
• In relation to qualitative research methods:
  • Discuss their advantages
  • Recognise study questions that might best be answered by them
  • Recognise studies that use them

Absolute Risk

• what does absolute risk mean?
• what measure is AR the same as?
• what is the risk difference?
• what is it called if risk increases after exposure?
• what is it called if risk decreases after exposure?

Relative Risk

• what is relative risk (RR)?
• what does RR indicate the likelihood of?
• what measure is relative risk the same as?
• what types of studies is this used in?
• RR Interpretation