Learning Objectives
- Revise the common directional terms: medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, proximal, distal
- Discuss the general functions of the skeletal system
- Describe the general structure of bone (both spongy and compact), macroscopically and microscopically
- Describe the process of bone formation: endochondral ossification (detailed), intramembranous ossification (overview), bone remodelling
- Describe the process of bone repair and some common terminology of fractures: open, closed, comminuted, greenstick, impacted, spiral, depression, angulation, displacement.
- Define the common terms used to describe bony landmarks: foramen, fossa, sulcus, condyle, facet, head, crest, epicondyle, line, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, process
- Define and describe the structure of the three main classes of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
- Determine the role of the structural characteristics of synovial joints as necessary for stability, mobility and protection
- Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints and the movements they permit: plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, ball and socket, saddle
- Define and demonstrate the basic terms used to describe movement: gliding, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation (lateral and medical/ external and internal), supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, opposition
Bone Structure
- what are the functions of bone?
- what is bone composed of?
- what are the different types of bone cells?
- what are the structural features of cancellous bone?
- what are the structural features of compact bone?
- what are the structural features of long bones?
- what are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?