04 Skeleton, Bone Biology, & Joints

Revise the common directional terms: medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, proximal, distal
Discuss the general functions of the skeletal system
Describe the general structure of bone (both spongy and compact), macroscopically and microscopically
Describe the process of bone formation: endochondral ossification (detailed), intramembranous ossification (overview), bone remodelling
Describe the process of bone repair and some common terminology of fractures: open, closed, comminuted, greenstick, impacted, spiral, depression, angulation, displacement.
Define the common terms used to describe bony landmarks: foramen, fossa, sulcus, condyle, facet, head, crest, epicondyle, line, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, process
Define and describe the structure of the three main classes of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Determine the role of the structural characteristics of synovial joints as necessary for stability, mobility and protection
Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints and the movements they permit: plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, ball and socket, saddle
Define and demonstrate the basic terms used to describe movement: gliding, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation (lateral and medical/ external and internal), supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, opposition