Learning Objectives

• Define, describe and use examples to illustrate the cellular growth adaptations that occur in response to stress, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy and metaplasia (review)
• Outline the major hallmarks of reversible cell injury (review)
• Contrast the characteristic features and mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis, including the two pathways of apoptosis
• Compare the different morphological patterns of necrosis
• Identify a variety of normal cell types in different tissue
• Begin to recognise some of the gross and microscopic features associated with cellular adaptations and cell and tissue injury
• Compare the typical nuclear changes that occur in cell death
• Outline the major mechanisms responsible for cell injury

Cell Injury

• what are the 2 cellular adaptations to stress?
• do functional or morphological changes occur first?
• what morphological alterations occur with reversible cell injury?
• what are the 8 causes of cell injury?
• what are the 6 mechanisms of cell injury?

Cell Death

• what are the 2 main types of cell death?
• what 3 nuclear changes are associated with cell death?

Necrosis